Second semester, alternate years. Three credits. Prerequisite: PNB 250 or PNB 274-275 or MCB 259 or consent of instructor. Goldman

Neuroendocrine and environmental factors in the control of biological rhythmicity, especially circadian and annual rhythms. Emphasis on animals.

First semester, alternate years. Three credits. Prerequisite: PNB 250 or PNB 262 or PNB 274 - 275 or consent of instructor. Goldman

Hormones and regulation of behaviors: reproductive, parental, social, and aggressive behaviors, as well as migration, hibernation, learning and memory.

Second semester. Three credits. Prerequisite: EEB 200 (may be taken concurrently). Chapple, Chen, Crivello, Laufer, Renfro, Tsai

Mechanisms and regulation of basic physiological processes in fish. Mainly teleost fishes of commercial value; also invertebrate physiological processes important to aquaculture.

First semester. Three credits. Prerequisite: BIOL 107 and either 108 or 110. Open to sophomores. Crivello, Renfro

Physiological mechanisms and regulation in vertebrate animals.

Second semester. Three credits. Two class periods. Prerequisites: PNB 250 or PNB 274-275 or consent of instructor. LoTurco

Brain functions, from molecular and cellular to overall central nervous system organization. Topics of current scientific interest.

First semester. Four credits. One class period and two 3-hour laboratory periods. Offered in alternate years. Open only with consent of instructor.

Preparation of cells and tissues for microscopic examination, using histological stains, immunohisto-chemistry, and photomicrography.

Second semester. Two credits. Two class periods. Prerequisite: PNB 250 or PNB 274-275 or consent of instructor. Gallo

Functions of hormones in mammalian physiology emphasizing humans.

First semester. Three credits. One 1-hour discussion, one 4-hour laboratory period. Prerequisite: PNB 250 or PNB 274-275. Moiseff

Experimental investigations in neurobiology. Emphasis on designing and carrying out independent research projects, and on communicating the results.

Both semesters. Four credits each semester. Three class periods and one 3-hour laboratory. Prerequisite: CHEM 122 or 127Q. Recommended preparation: BIOL 107, PHYS 101 or 122. Open to sophomores. Not open to students who have passed PNB 274-275. These courses must be taken in sequence to obtain credit, and may not be counted toward the Biological Sciences or Physiology and Neurobiology majors. Chapple, Kimball, Moiseff, Nishiyama

Fundamentals of human anatomy and physiology for students in medical technology, physical therapy, nursing, and education (Sport Science).

Both semesters. Four credits each semester. Three class periods and one 3-hour laboratory. Prerequisite: BIOL 107, CHEM 127Q. Recommended preparation: PHYS 121, 131, or 141. Not open to students who have passed PNB 264-265. Must be taken in sequence to obtain credit. Open to sophomores. Chapple, Kimball, Moiseff, Nishiyama

Fundamentals of human physiology and anatomy enhanced through  inquiry-based laboratories.

Either semester. Three credits. Hours by arrangement. Prerequisite: Three credits of PNB 299, which may be taken concurrently. Open only with consent of instructor and departmental honors committee. Not limited to honors students. Special research or independent investigation for advanced undergraduates. Involves research and writing a thesis.

Either semester. Three credits. With a change in topic, may be repeated for credit. Prerequisites and recommended preparation vary.

Either or both semesters. Credits and hours by arrangement. May be repeated for credit with a change in topic.

Either semester. Credits and hours by arrangement. With a change in content, may be repeated for credit. Prerequisites and recommended preparation vary.

Either or both semesters. Credits and hours by arrangement. Open only with consent of instructor and the department honors committee. May be repeated for credit with change in topic.

Designed for the advanced undergraduate student who desires to pursue a special problem as an introduction to independent investigation.